Effects of alcohol on the human body
The history of alcohol
The thief reason, the so - called alcohol for a long time. On the intoxicating properties of alcoholic beverages to people learned not less than 8000 years before our era - with the advent of ceramic tableware, which gave an opportunity of manufacture of alcoholic drinks from honey, fruit juices and wild grapes. It is possible, winemaking dates back to the beginning of the cultural farming. So, the
famous traveler N.N. Miklukho-Maklai watched the Papuans of New Guinea not merely capable even make fire, but knew already techniques of cooking hop drinks. Pure alcohol started to get in 6-7 centuries the Arabs and called it "al коголь", which means "intoxication". The first bottle of vodka produced Arab Рагез in 860. Distillation of wine for receipt of alcohol sharply aggravated drunkenness. It is not excluded, that this was the reason for the prohibition of the use of alcoholic drinks the founder of Islam (the Muslim religion) Mohammed (Mohammed, 570--632). The ban came in later and in the code of Muslim laws - the Qur'an (7th century). Since then, over 12 centuries in Muslim countries, alcohol is not consumed, and the renegades of this law (the drunkard) severely punished.
The spread of drunkenness in Russia is connected with the policy of the ruling classes. It was even established the view that drinking is a supposedly ancient tradition of the Russian people. This referred to the words of the chronicle: "the Joy of the Rus - is piti. But this is a slander on the Russian nation. The Russian historian and ethnographer, a connoisseur of the customs and manners of the people, Professor N.I. Kostomarov (1817-1885) completely denied this opinion. He proved that in Ancient Russia drank very little. Only on selected holidays cooked brewed, Braga or beer, the strength of which does not exceed 5-10 degrees. The glass goes in a circle and from it each drinking a few SIPS. On weekdays no alcoholic beverages are not supposed to, and drunkenness was considered a great shame and a sin.
What people drink and the consequences of this
Initial product in receipt of ethyl alcohol are grains, potatoes, beets, as well as some of the debris of paper production and wood, осахаренная by chemical action of the acids at high temperature and pressure. Crude ethyl alcohol (raw) contains many impurities, including toxic fusel oils. Alcohol is purified by means of distillation in special vehicles, but also in the so alcohol-ректификате, however, there is a part of harmful substances for the organism.
Ethyl alcohol is widely used in different branches of national economy. It is used as a solvent, for example in the manufacture of varnishes, политур, in a number of chemical reactions for the synthesis of organic dyes, pharmaceuticals, synthetic rubber. Ethyl alcohol has disinfectant properties, it is used in medical purposes. In the manufacture of vodka use only purified alcohol.
It is necessary to stop the use of poisonous technical liquids - various alcohol addiction. They are used or wrongly taking for ethyl alcohol, or deliberately ignoring the dangers, as it is sometimes do inveterate drunkards. So, methanol and ethylene glycol included in the composition of antifreezes. With a low freezing point, they are used in the cooling systems of different engines. Like an ordinary alcohol these fluids can cause intoxication, but after 10-12 hours after their use, there are signs of severe intoxication: headache, nausea, vomiting, wobbly gait, weakness (or short-term excitement), fade or even complete loss of consciousness. The death comes from brain disorders (in 1-2 hours) or kidney failure (in 1-2 weeks). Methyl alcohol is a neuro - vascular poison, and the dose of 100 grams of lethal for humans. Even a small amount of the alcohol affects the optic nerve and the system of membranes of the eyes (in particular the retina). Even more dangerous dichloroethane (chloride ethylene), 10-15 grams of which cause irreversible changes in the liver and kidneys.
However, harmful impurities contained in selling alcohol. The pathophysiological their influence on the organism is not only a fortress (percentage of alcohol), but also numerous, much more harmful impurities. One of the satellites of alcoholic beverages is methyl alcohol. Applied for the treatment of alcohol sulfur dioxide is also far from harmless. In particular, he destroys the necessary vitamins of group In.
As you can see alcohol and his surrogates are far from innocuous, and the consequences of their use dangerous and ugly.
The reasons for drinking alcohol.
Alcohol take to lift the mood, for the warming of the body, for the prevention and treatment of diseases, in particular as disinfectants, but also as a means of improving appetite and energy-a valuable product. Where is the truth and where is the error? One of the пироговских congresses of Russian doctors adopted a resolution on the dangers of alcohol: "...there is no body in the human body, which have not been subjected to the ravages of alcohol; alcohol does not have any such action, which could not be achieved other curative means, acting more useful, safer and more reliable, there is no such a painful condition in which it is necessary to appoint alcohol for any long time."
So the arguments about the benefits of alcohol is a widespread misconception. Take at least an obvious fact - the excitation of appetite after shots of vodka or wine. But it is only for a short time, while alcohol-called "end of juice". Hereinafter the admission of alcohol, including beer, that does harm digestion. Because alcohol paralyzes the action of such vital organs as the liver and pancreas. Famous psychiatrist and social worker, a fighter with alcoholism, academician Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev (1857-1927) so described the psychological reasons for drinking: "the fact that drinking is a centuries-old evil, it took deep roots in our everyday life and has created a whole system of wild drinking customs. These practices require drinking wine and refreshments in any case". Demand for alcohol is not included in the number of natural vital human needs, as, for example, the need for oxygen or food, and therefore in itself alcohol is not a motivating force for the person. Need this, as well as some other "needs" of the person (e.g., Smoking) appears therefore, that the society, first of all, produces the product and, secondly, "plays" customs, forms, habits and prejudices associated with its consumption. Of course, that these habits are not inherent to all in the same degree.
What is the beginning of drunkenness
The reasons of the first initiation to alcohol varied depending on age. Up to 11 years the first acquaintance with alcohol is either accidentally, or it is given "for appetite", "treat" the wine or the child himself out of curiosity tries to alcohol (motive, mainly characteristic of the boys). In older age motives of the first use of alcohol become a traditional reasons: "holiday", "family reunions", "guests", etc. 14-15 years appear such excuses as "it was awkward to fall behind from the boys", "friends encouraged", "for the company", "for bravery", etc. The boys are inherent in all of the group's motives of the first acquaintance with alcohol. For girls is typical mainly of the second, the "traditional" group of motives.
Typically this is, so to say, "innocent" liqueur-glass in honor of the birthday or other celebration. And while this is happening with the consent of the parents, in the family circle, all the same, and the communion of the children to blame dangerous. It is time to touch alcohol, as already removed the psychological barrier and the teenager finds himself the right to have a drink with friends or even one, if the opportunity arises. No wonder people say: "the river begin with the little brook, and the drunkenness with glasses".
Special attention deserves the second group of motives of alcohol consumption - the desire to get rid of the boredom. The adolescents in this category is significantly weakened or lost interest in cognitive activity. Teens who use alcohol hardly involved in public activities. Significant improvements have been observed in them in the sphere of leisure. These guys are less interested in the artistic literature, rarely participate in Amateur performances, almost not there in the theater, lose interest in classical music, painting. Finally, some of the teenagers consume alcohol, to remove the tension, to free themselves from the unpleasant experiences. Stress, anxiety can arise in connection with certain of their position in the family, the school community.
The stage and form of drunkenness and alcoholism
How often some people proudly note in his and his comrades high resistance to alcohol, considering that this is related to physical health. And actually increased resistance to alcohol - the first sign of the beginning of alcoholism symptom of a serious illness. For the alcoholic that drink that glass, that a bottle of wine are all one. Already from the glass of liquor it comes in a peculiar state of euphoria - excitation, which only increases his desire to drink, and then the subsequent doses little change its appearance, although in the body is undergoing a dramatic shift. First alcoholic been extremely active, trying to "out of turn" drink the next stack, begins to run amok or fooling around. But that's the last straw overwhelms the stability limits, an alcoholic "disabled" from the outside world, sinking into oblivion. Loss of control over the number of drunk, excessive greed for alcohol and accompanying this uncontrollable, развязанное, often cynical behavior - persistent signs of alcoholism.
The drunkards weakened will - and not only to limit the intake of alcohol, but also in relation to the other, the business sides of everyday life.
Often during the holiday feasts you can see how people after drinking alcoholic beverages behave released, their movements become more awkward. Immediately noticeable impact on them of alcohol. And if you ask the participants how often they drink, most people will answer that regularly. However, even after a single dose of alcohol in humans night passes restlessly, and in the morning they get broken, with a swollen face and the patient's head. Working day, as a rule, turns out to be corrupt, and if the person at work is connected with the mechanisms, for example with the machine or a car, consider, that in this day he has sharply increased the risk of accident or even crash. The non-manual workers after the intake of alcohol thoroughly deteriorating mental processes, decreases the speed and the accuracy of the calculations, as they say, the work falls out of the hands.
So, even after the irregular, random alcohol serious problems occur in the body, showing the plight of his poisoning. If the alcohol takes a systematic character, a man drinks on any occasion, looking for any excuse to get drunk, then it is called domestic drinking. To a drunkard has no value sense of festive events, he is indifferent to approve or his behaviour other. In this stage of initiation of alcohol to a large extent changed the attitude of the drinker to others, to generally accepted and acceptable norms of behavior. For drunkards the most close people become companions, even for the first time they were at the same table. Time, place and the circumstances in which people drink, lose their value. Thus, the difference between episodic reception of alcohol and drunkenness is not only in the quantity of alcohol consumed at one time, but also in the psychological installation of the drinker. In the first case, the person celebrating any Grand or a significant event, and the second - only drink to get himself in a state of drunkenness. If in time to keep people from drinking, it warns his fall and the development of alcoholism. To understand the development of alcoholism need to know the effects of alcohol on the nervous system.
Violation of the nervous system and internal organs is observed in any of alcohol use: a one-time, intermittent and systematic.
Alcohol concentration of 0.2 percent, affects the areas of the brain that control the emotional behavior of the person. The awakening baser instincts, a sudden aggressiveness.
When the concentration of alcohol in the blood of 0.3 percent of people though and is located in the consciousness, but not understand what he sees and hears. This condition is called an alcoholic отупением.
The concentration of alcohol in the blood of 0.4 per cent lead to loss of consciousness. The person falls asleep, his breathing becomes irregular, is involuntary emptying of the bladder. Sensitivity is absent.
When the concentration of alcohol in the blood of 0.6-0.7 per cent may die. As a result of irregular intake of alcohol is often addicted, uncontrollable attraction to alcohol - alcoholism.
Alcoholism is not a habit, but a disease
Alcoholism is a severe chronic disease, in most cases трудноизлечимая. It is developed on the basis of regular and long-term use of alcohol and is characterized by a special pathological condition of the organism: the uncontrollable attraction to alcohol, the change of the degree of its portability and degradation of personality. For the alcoholic intoxication seem to be the best mental state. This attraction is not amenable to reason to stop drinking. Alcoholic directs all the energy, money and thought for obtaining alcohol, regardless of the real situation (the presence of money in the family, the need to go to work, etc.). Once drunk, he tends to get drunk to complete intoxication, to unconsciousness. As a rule, alcoholics do not snack, they have lost the gag reflex and therefore any amount of alcohol consumed remains in the body. In connection with this talk about high tolerance of alcohol. But in fact it is the pathological condition when the body has lost the ability to struggle with alcohol intoxication by vomiting and other protection mechanisms.
In the later stages of alcoholism tolerance of alcohol suddenly goes down and the inveterate alcoholic even small doses of wine cause the same effect, that large quantities of vodka in the past. For this stage of alcoholism is typical heavy hangover after the admission of alcohol, bad mood, irritability, aggressiveness. During the so-called binge, when a person drinks every day, for many days, or even weeks, pathological phenomena are so pronounced, that for their elimination requires medical assistance.
Alcoholism is not a habit, and disease. Habit is controlled by the consciousness, from it you can get rid of. Addiction to alcohol to overcome the difficulties of the poisoning of the organism. About 10 percent of people who consume alcohol, become alcoholics. Alcoholism is a disease, characterized by mental and physical changes in the body. Alcoholism develops according to this scheme:
(1) Initial phase: intoxication with loss of memory, "Eclipse". Man is always thinking of the alcohol, it seems to him that he drank enough, he drinks "for future use", developing a greed to alcohol. However, it keeps the consciousness of his own guilt, avoid talking about their craving for alcohol.
2) Critical phase: loss of control over themselves after the first SIP of alcohol. A desire to find an excuse to drink, resisting all attempts to prevent his desire to drink. A person develops arrogance, aggressiveness. He blames others for their troubles. He starts drinking bout, his friends are occasional drinkers. He was forced to withdraw from the ongoing work, loses interest in everything that has nothing to do with alcohol.
3) Chronic phase: the daily hangover, the disintegration of the personality, blurred memory, сбивчивость thoughts. A person is drinking alcohol surrogates, technical liquids, Cologne. He has developed groundless fears, delirium tremens, other alcoholic psychoses. One of the characteristic complications during binge is delirium tremens.
The white fever was the most common alcoholic psychosis. It occurs usually in a state of hangover, when the drunkards appear unreasonable, insomnia, tremor of the hands, nightmares (pursuit, attack, etc.), auditory and visual deception in the form of noise, phone calls, the movement of shadows. Symptoms of delirium tremens especially expressed at night. The patient begins bright experiences an awesome character. He sees crawling around insects, rats, attackers to him monsters, bandits, feels the pain of the bite, strikes, hears threat. He rapidly respond to their hallucinations, defensive or running, fleeing from prosecution. Day hallucinations several fade, although the patient is excited, his hands were shaking, he fussy and can't sit on one place.
Another form of psychosis is an alcoholic delirium. It appears and after a short drink, but in contrast to the white fever is not accompanied by hallucinations. Such patients are persecuted obsessive thoughts. Most often this is nonsense of suspicion, harassment, and jealousy. A drunkard, for example, it seems that against him is arranged conspiracy. Seeing no way out from the created position, he can cum suicide.
The destroyer of the growing organism
Perhaps, do not have special imagination to imagine the damage that can cause a teenager at least a one-time use of wine or even beer. Modern research can reasonably argue that the human body there is no such organs and tissues, which are not affected to alcohol. Once in the body, it is quite slowly (at the rate of 0.1 g per 1 kg of body weight per hour) broken down by the liver. And only 10 per cent of the total number of adopted alcohol is excreted in unchanged form. The remainder of the alcohol circulates together with the blood throughout the body, until расщепится all. The high permeability of the "young" fabrics, its saturation by water allows you to alcohol spread rapidly over the growing organism.
Toxic effects of alcohol primarily affects the nervous system activity. If the alcohol content in the blood taken for 1 (one), then in the liver it will be equal to 1.45, and in the brain is 1.75. Even small doses of alcohol affect metabolism in nervous tissue, the transmission of nerve impulses. At the same time disrupted the blood vessels in the brain : it is the expansion, the increase in permeability, bleeding in the brain tissue. In adolescence, the brain tissue poorer phosphorus, richer water, is in a stage of structural and functional improvement, therefore alcohol is especially dangerous for her. Even a one-time of drinking alcohol can have the most serious consequences.
Repeated or frequent alcohol use has literally devastating effect on the psyche of a teenager. If this is delayed not only the development of higher forms of thinking, the development of ethical and moral categories and aesthetic concepts, but also lost already developed abilities. The teenager, which is called "lazy" and intellectually, and emotionally, and morally.
The second "target" alcohol is the liver. Alcoholic drinks, you can say, "eats away" the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach, violate the secretion and composition of the gastric juice, which complicates the process of digestion and, ultimately, adversely affects the growth and development of the teenager.
Thus, alcohol weakens the body and inhibits the formation and maturation of the organs and systems, and in some cases, such as abuse, and it stops the development of some of the functions of the higher nervous system. The younger the organism, the pernicious effect on him alcohol. In addition, the use of alcohol among adolescents of much faster than adults, leads to the formation of their alcoholism.
The history of alcohol
The thief reason, the so - called alcohol for a long time. On the intoxicating properties of alcoholic beverages to people learned not less than 8000 years before our era - with the advent of ceramic tableware, which gave an opportunity of manufacture of alcoholic drinks from honey, fruit juices and wild grapes. It is possible, winemaking dates back to the beginning of the cultural farming. So, the
famous traveler N.N. Miklukho-Maklai watched the Papuans of New Guinea not merely capable even make fire, but knew already techniques of cooking hop drinks. Pure alcohol started to get in 6-7 centuries the Arabs and called it "al коголь", which means "intoxication". The first bottle of vodka produced Arab Рагез in 860. Distillation of wine for receipt of alcohol sharply aggravated drunkenness. It is not excluded, that this was the reason for the prohibition of the use of alcoholic drinks the founder of Islam (the Muslim religion) Mohammed (Mohammed, 570--632). The ban came in later and in the code of Muslim laws - the Qur'an (7th century). Since then, over 12 centuries in Muslim countries, alcohol is not consumed, and the renegades of this law (the drunkard) severely punished.
The spread of drunkenness in Russia is connected with the policy of the ruling classes. It was even established the view that drinking is a supposedly ancient tradition of the Russian people. This referred to the words of the chronicle: "the Joy of the Rus - is piti. But this is a slander on the Russian nation. The Russian historian and ethnographer, a connoisseur of the customs and manners of the people, Professor N.I. Kostomarov (1817-1885) completely denied this opinion. He proved that in Ancient Russia drank very little. Only on selected holidays cooked brewed, Braga or beer, the strength of which does not exceed 5-10 degrees. The glass goes in a circle and from it each drinking a few SIPS. On weekdays no alcoholic beverages are not supposed to, and drunkenness was considered a great shame and a sin.
What people drink and the consequences of this
Initial product in receipt of ethyl alcohol are grains, potatoes, beets, as well as some of the debris of paper production and wood, осахаренная by chemical action of the acids at high temperature and pressure. Crude ethyl alcohol (raw) contains many impurities, including toxic fusel oils. Alcohol is purified by means of distillation in special vehicles, but also in the so alcohol-ректификате, however, there is a part of harmful substances for the organism.
Ethyl alcohol is widely used in different branches of national economy. It is used as a solvent, for example in the manufacture of varnishes, политур, in a number of chemical reactions for the synthesis of organic dyes, pharmaceuticals, synthetic rubber. Ethyl alcohol has disinfectant properties, it is used in medical purposes. In the manufacture of vodka use only purified alcohol.
It is necessary to stop the use of poisonous technical liquids - various alcohol addiction. They are used or wrongly taking for ethyl alcohol, or deliberately ignoring the dangers, as it is sometimes do inveterate drunkards. So, methanol and ethylene glycol included in the composition of antifreezes. With a low freezing point, they are used in the cooling systems of different engines. Like an ordinary alcohol these fluids can cause intoxication, but after 10-12 hours after their use, there are signs of severe intoxication: headache, nausea, vomiting, wobbly gait, weakness (or short-term excitement), fade or even complete loss of consciousness. The death comes from brain disorders (in 1-2 hours) or kidney failure (in 1-2 weeks). Methyl alcohol is a neuro - vascular poison, and the dose of 100 grams of lethal for humans. Even a small amount of the alcohol affects the optic nerve and the system of membranes of the eyes (in particular the retina). Even more dangerous dichloroethane (chloride ethylene), 10-15 grams of which cause irreversible changes in the liver and kidneys.
However, harmful impurities contained in selling alcohol. The pathophysiological their influence on the organism is not only a fortress (percentage of alcohol), but also numerous, much more harmful impurities. One of the satellites of alcoholic beverages is methyl alcohol. Applied for the treatment of alcohol sulfur dioxide is also far from harmless. In particular, he destroys the necessary vitamins of group In.
As you can see alcohol and his surrogates are far from innocuous, and the consequences of their use dangerous and ugly.
The reasons for drinking alcohol.
Alcohol take to lift the mood, for the warming of the body, for the prevention and treatment of diseases, in particular as disinfectants, but also as a means of improving appetite and energy-a valuable product. Where is the truth and where is the error? One of the пироговских congresses of Russian doctors adopted a resolution on the dangers of alcohol: "...there is no body in the human body, which have not been subjected to the ravages of alcohol; alcohol does not have any such action, which could not be achieved other curative means, acting more useful, safer and more reliable, there is no such a painful condition in which it is necessary to appoint alcohol for any long time."
So the arguments about the benefits of alcohol is a widespread misconception. Take at least an obvious fact - the excitation of appetite after shots of vodka or wine. But it is only for a short time, while alcohol-called "end of juice". Hereinafter the admission of alcohol, including beer, that does harm digestion. Because alcohol paralyzes the action of such vital organs as the liver and pancreas. Famous psychiatrist and social worker, a fighter with alcoholism, academician Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev (1857-1927) so described the psychological reasons for drinking: "the fact that drinking is a centuries-old evil, it took deep roots in our everyday life and has created a whole system of wild drinking customs. These practices require drinking wine and refreshments in any case". Demand for alcohol is not included in the number of natural vital human needs, as, for example, the need for oxygen or food, and therefore in itself alcohol is not a motivating force for the person. Need this, as well as some other "needs" of the person (e.g., Smoking) appears therefore, that the society, first of all, produces the product and, secondly, "plays" customs, forms, habits and prejudices associated with its consumption. Of course, that these habits are not inherent to all in the same degree.
What is the beginning of drunkenness
The reasons of the first initiation to alcohol varied depending on age. Up to 11 years the first acquaintance with alcohol is either accidentally, or it is given "for appetite", "treat" the wine or the child himself out of curiosity tries to alcohol (motive, mainly characteristic of the boys). In older age motives of the first use of alcohol become a traditional reasons: "holiday", "family reunions", "guests", etc. 14-15 years appear such excuses as "it was awkward to fall behind from the boys", "friends encouraged", "for the company", "for bravery", etc. The boys are inherent in all of the group's motives of the first acquaintance with alcohol. For girls is typical mainly of the second, the "traditional" group of motives.
Typically this is, so to say, "innocent" liqueur-glass in honor of the birthday or other celebration. And while this is happening with the consent of the parents, in the family circle, all the same, and the communion of the children to blame dangerous. It is time to touch alcohol, as already removed the psychological barrier and the teenager finds himself the right to have a drink with friends or even one, if the opportunity arises. No wonder people say: "the river begin with the little brook, and the drunkenness with glasses".
Special attention deserves the second group of motives of alcohol consumption - the desire to get rid of the boredom. The adolescents in this category is significantly weakened or lost interest in cognitive activity. Teens who use alcohol hardly involved in public activities. Significant improvements have been observed in them in the sphere of leisure. These guys are less interested in the artistic literature, rarely participate in Amateur performances, almost not there in the theater, lose interest in classical music, painting. Finally, some of the teenagers consume alcohol, to remove the tension, to free themselves from the unpleasant experiences. Stress, anxiety can arise in connection with certain of their position in the family, the school community.
The stage and form of drunkenness and alcoholism
How often some people proudly note in his and his comrades high resistance to alcohol, considering that this is related to physical health. And actually increased resistance to alcohol - the first sign of the beginning of alcoholism symptom of a serious illness. For the alcoholic that drink that glass, that a bottle of wine are all one. Already from the glass of liquor it comes in a peculiar state of euphoria - excitation, which only increases his desire to drink, and then the subsequent doses little change its appearance, although in the body is undergoing a dramatic shift. First alcoholic been extremely active, trying to "out of turn" drink the next stack, begins to run amok or fooling around. But that's the last straw overwhelms the stability limits, an alcoholic "disabled" from the outside world, sinking into oblivion. Loss of control over the number of drunk, excessive greed for alcohol and accompanying this uncontrollable, развязанное, often cynical behavior - persistent signs of alcoholism.
The drunkards weakened will - and not only to limit the intake of alcohol, but also in relation to the other, the business sides of everyday life.
Often during the holiday feasts you can see how people after drinking alcoholic beverages behave released, their movements become more awkward. Immediately noticeable impact on them of alcohol. And if you ask the participants how often they drink, most people will answer that regularly. However, even after a single dose of alcohol in humans night passes restlessly, and in the morning they get broken, with a swollen face and the patient's head. Working day, as a rule, turns out to be corrupt, and if the person at work is connected with the mechanisms, for example with the machine or a car, consider, that in this day he has sharply increased the risk of accident or even crash. The non-manual workers after the intake of alcohol thoroughly deteriorating mental processes, decreases the speed and the accuracy of the calculations, as they say, the work falls out of the hands.
So, even after the irregular, random alcohol serious problems occur in the body, showing the plight of his poisoning. If the alcohol takes a systematic character, a man drinks on any occasion, looking for any excuse to get drunk, then it is called domestic drinking. To a drunkard has no value sense of festive events, he is indifferent to approve or his behaviour other. In this stage of initiation of alcohol to a large extent changed the attitude of the drinker to others, to generally accepted and acceptable norms of behavior. For drunkards the most close people become companions, even for the first time they were at the same table. Time, place and the circumstances in which people drink, lose their value. Thus, the difference between episodic reception of alcohol and drunkenness is not only in the quantity of alcohol consumed at one time, but also in the psychological installation of the drinker. In the first case, the person celebrating any Grand or a significant event, and the second - only drink to get himself in a state of drunkenness. If in time to keep people from drinking, it warns his fall and the development of alcoholism. To understand the development of alcoholism need to know the effects of alcohol on the nervous system.
Violation of the nervous system and internal organs is observed in any of alcohol use: a one-time, intermittent and systematic.
Alcohol concentration of 0.2 percent, affects the areas of the brain that control the emotional behavior of the person. The awakening baser instincts, a sudden aggressiveness.
When the concentration of alcohol in the blood of 0.3 percent of people though and is located in the consciousness, but not understand what he sees and hears. This condition is called an alcoholic отупением.
The concentration of alcohol in the blood of 0.4 per cent lead to loss of consciousness. The person falls asleep, his breathing becomes irregular, is involuntary emptying of the bladder. Sensitivity is absent.
When the concentration of alcohol in the blood of 0.6-0.7 per cent may die. As a result of irregular intake of alcohol is often addicted, uncontrollable attraction to alcohol - alcoholism.
Alcoholism is not a habit, but a disease
Alcoholism is a severe chronic disease, in most cases трудноизлечимая. It is developed on the basis of regular and long-term use of alcohol and is characterized by a special pathological condition of the organism: the uncontrollable attraction to alcohol, the change of the degree of its portability and degradation of personality. For the alcoholic intoxication seem to be the best mental state. This attraction is not amenable to reason to stop drinking. Alcoholic directs all the energy, money and thought for obtaining alcohol, regardless of the real situation (the presence of money in the family, the need to go to work, etc.). Once drunk, he tends to get drunk to complete intoxication, to unconsciousness. As a rule, alcoholics do not snack, they have lost the gag reflex and therefore any amount of alcohol consumed remains in the body. In connection with this talk about high tolerance of alcohol. But in fact it is the pathological condition when the body has lost the ability to struggle with alcohol intoxication by vomiting and other protection mechanisms.
In the later stages of alcoholism tolerance of alcohol suddenly goes down and the inveterate alcoholic even small doses of wine cause the same effect, that large quantities of vodka in the past. For this stage of alcoholism is typical heavy hangover after the admission of alcohol, bad mood, irritability, aggressiveness. During the so-called binge, when a person drinks every day, for many days, or even weeks, pathological phenomena are so pronounced, that for their elimination requires medical assistance.
Alcoholism is not a habit, and disease. Habit is controlled by the consciousness, from it you can get rid of. Addiction to alcohol to overcome the difficulties of the poisoning of the organism. About 10 percent of people who consume alcohol, become alcoholics. Alcoholism is a disease, characterized by mental and physical changes in the body. Alcoholism develops according to this scheme:
(1) Initial phase: intoxication with loss of memory, "Eclipse". Man is always thinking of the alcohol, it seems to him that he drank enough, he drinks "for future use", developing a greed to alcohol. However, it keeps the consciousness of his own guilt, avoid talking about their craving for alcohol.
2) Critical phase: loss of control over themselves after the first SIP of alcohol. A desire to find an excuse to drink, resisting all attempts to prevent his desire to drink. A person develops arrogance, aggressiveness. He blames others for their troubles. He starts drinking bout, his friends are occasional drinkers. He was forced to withdraw from the ongoing work, loses interest in everything that has nothing to do with alcohol.
3) Chronic phase: the daily hangover, the disintegration of the personality, blurred memory, сбивчивость thoughts. A person is drinking alcohol surrogates, technical liquids, Cologne. He has developed groundless fears, delirium tremens, other alcoholic psychoses. One of the characteristic complications during binge is delirium tremens.
The white fever was the most common alcoholic psychosis. It occurs usually in a state of hangover, when the drunkards appear unreasonable, insomnia, tremor of the hands, nightmares (pursuit, attack, etc.), auditory and visual deception in the form of noise, phone calls, the movement of shadows. Symptoms of delirium tremens especially expressed at night. The patient begins bright experiences an awesome character. He sees crawling around insects, rats, attackers to him monsters, bandits, feels the pain of the bite, strikes, hears threat. He rapidly respond to their hallucinations, defensive or running, fleeing from prosecution. Day hallucinations several fade, although the patient is excited, his hands were shaking, he fussy and can't sit on one place.
Another form of psychosis is an alcoholic delirium. It appears and after a short drink, but in contrast to the white fever is not accompanied by hallucinations. Such patients are persecuted obsessive thoughts. Most often this is nonsense of suspicion, harassment, and jealousy. A drunkard, for example, it seems that against him is arranged conspiracy. Seeing no way out from the created position, he can cum suicide.
The destroyer of the growing organism
Perhaps, do not have special imagination to imagine the damage that can cause a teenager at least a one-time use of wine or even beer. Modern research can reasonably argue that the human body there is no such organs and tissues, which are not affected to alcohol. Once in the body, it is quite slowly (at the rate of 0.1 g per 1 kg of body weight per hour) broken down by the liver. And only 10 per cent of the total number of adopted alcohol is excreted in unchanged form. The remainder of the alcohol circulates together with the blood throughout the body, until расщепится all. The high permeability of the "young" fabrics, its saturation by water allows you to alcohol spread rapidly over the growing organism.
Toxic effects of alcohol primarily affects the nervous system activity. If the alcohol content in the blood taken for 1 (one), then in the liver it will be equal to 1.45, and in the brain is 1.75. Even small doses of alcohol affect metabolism in nervous tissue, the transmission of nerve impulses. At the same time disrupted the blood vessels in the brain : it is the expansion, the increase in permeability, bleeding in the brain tissue. In adolescence, the brain tissue poorer phosphorus, richer water, is in a stage of structural and functional improvement, therefore alcohol is especially dangerous for her. Even a one-time of drinking alcohol can have the most serious consequences.
Repeated or frequent alcohol use has literally devastating effect on the psyche of a teenager. If this is delayed not only the development of higher forms of thinking, the development of ethical and moral categories and aesthetic concepts, but also lost already developed abilities. The teenager, which is called "lazy" and intellectually, and emotionally, and morally.
The second "target" alcohol is the liver. Alcoholic drinks, you can say, "eats away" the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach, violate the secretion and composition of the gastric juice, which complicates the process of digestion and, ultimately, adversely affects the growth and development of the teenager.
Thus, alcohol weakens the body and inhibits the formation and maturation of the organs and systems, and in some cases, such as abuse, and it stops the development of some of the functions of the higher nervous system. The younger the organism, the pernicious effect on him alcohol. In addition, the use of alcohol among adolescents of much faster than adults, leads to the formation of their alcoholism.
No comments:
Post a Comment